The Collaborative Opportunities for Multiple-disciplinary, Bold, and Integrated Endeavors (COMBINE) program supports the pursuit of a single focused problem that, when solved, will overcome persistent barriers, challenge orthodoxies, achieve paradigm-shifts, or develop new foundational scientific principles. Highly integrated transdisciplinary teams led by 3-6 PDs/PIs are expected to deliver defined outcomes within the funding period that advance the mission of the participating ICs and transform knowledge or practice, ranging from fundamental biomedical science to human health. The proposed problem must be of sufficient scope and complexity to require an innovative convergence of disciplines, expertise, and approaches that will not be feasible through the structure of traditional R01 or Program Project/Center grant mechanisms. 

Government

• State governments
• Special district governments
• City or township governments
• Federally recognized Native American tribal governments
• County governments
• Public and Indian housing authorities

Nonprofit

• Nonprofits non-higher education with 501(c)(3)
• Other Native American tribal organizations
• Nonprofits non-higher education without 501(c)(3)

Education

• Independent school districts
• Public and state institutions of higher education
• Private institutions of higher education

Business

• Small businesses
• For-profit organizations other than small businesses

Miscellaneous

• Other