The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) will support its mission through the Cooperative Program for Modeling Clinical Transplantation. Advancements of new therapeutics and success in human solid organ transplantation will require innovative and clinically translatable in-vitro and in-vivo systems to model local and systemic immune responses. This program seeks applications including new approach methods (NAMs) and/or refined mouse models that together will promote translation of new therapies to clinical practice.  Potential NAMs include immune-competent microphysiological systems, organoids, ex-vivo perfused human organs, precision-cut tissue slices, and computational systems biology models. Applicants must propose models designed to overcome known obstacles to clinical translation in existing NAMS and/or mouse models, reduce reliance on nonhuman primates, and demonstrate relevance to clinical outcomes.  Emphasis on data sharing will facilitate reproducibility and establishment of standards and best practices to achieve the program goals. Grant authorities that allow NIAID to forecast this opportunity are as follows: Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 2 CFR Part 200.

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