rigorous research to establish evidence on the effects of anti-trafficking programs on the reduction of the prevalence of human trafficking through the advancement of rigorous research methods. This includes sound prevalence measurement; strong monitoring and evaluation practices; evidence-based programming; and the application of survivor-centered and trauma-informed approaches. The U.S. Congress has appropriated $25 million annually since Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 for PEMS, totaling $200 million to date. The TIP Office is interested in funding projects that utilize Intervention Development Research (IDR) to conduct research and pilot targeted programming to effectively prevent and respond to human trafficking. IDR employs various qualitative and quantitative methodologies to identify the complex systems in which human trafficking occurs, determine modifiable elements of the crime, including risk and protective factors; develop a theory of change; and design and pilot interventions to develop an intervention model that can be scaled-up and/or adapted for other settings. Local partnerships and utilization of methods of co-creation and participatory research are core elements of IDR. Local actors must play an active role in all phases of the project, from planning and development through implementation of the intervention. Please read the full notice attached.