contributions from the social sciences and ethics. The program supports engineering research that seeks to balance society's need to provide ecological protection and maintain stable economic conditions. There are four principal general research areas that are supported:

• IndustrialEcology: Topics of interest inIndustrial Ecologyinclude advancements in modeling such as life cycle assessment, materials flow analysis, input/output economic models, and novel metrics for measuringsustainable systems.Innovations in industrial ecology are encouraged.
• Green Engineering: Research is encouraged to advance the sustainability ofmanufacturing processes, green buildings, andinfrastructure.Many programs in the Engineering Directorate supportresearch in environmentally benign manufacturing or chemicalprocesses.The Environmental Sustainability program supportsresearch that would affect more than one chemical or manufacturing processor that takes a systems or holistic approach to green engineering for infrastructure or green buildings.Improvements in distribution and collection systems that will advance smart growth strategies andameliorate effects of growth are research areas that are supported by Environmental Sustainability.Innovations in management of storm water,recycling and reuse of drinking water, and other greenengineering techniques to support sustainability may also be fruitfulareas for research. NOTE: Water treatment proposals are to besubmitted to the CBET Environmental Engineering program (1440), NOT the Environmental Sustainability program (7643).
• Ecological Engineering:Topics should focus on the engineering aspects ofrestoring ecological function to natural systems.Engineering research in the enhancement of natural capital to foster sustainabledevelopment is encouraged.
• Earth Systems Engineering: Earth systems engineeringconsiders aspects of large scale engineering research that involve mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to climate change, and other global scaleconcerns.

All proposed research should be driven by engineering principles, and be presented explicitly in an environmental sustainability context. Proposals should include involvement in engineering research of at least one graduate student, as well as undergraduates.Incorporation of aspects of social, behavioral, and economic sciences is welcomed. Innovative proposals outside the scope of the four core areas mentioned above may be considered. However, prior to submission, it is recommended that the PI contact the Program Director to avoid the possibility of the proposal being returned without review. For proposals that call for research to be done outside of the United States, an explanation must be presented of the potential benefit of the research for the United States. The duration of unsolicited awards is generally one to three years.The typical award size for the program is around $100,000 per year. Proposals requesting a substantially higher amountthan this, without prior consultation with the Program Director, may be returned without review. INFORMATION COMMON TO MOST CBET PROGRAMS Proposals should address the novelty and/orpotentially transformative natureof the proposed work compared to previous work in the field.Also, it is important to address why the proposed work is important in terms of engineering science, as well as to also project the potential impact on society and/or industry of success in the research.The novelty or potentially transformative nature of the research should be included, as a minimum, in the Project Summary of each proposal. Faculty Early Career Development(CAREER)program proposals are strongly encouraged. Award duration is five years.The submission deadline for Engineering CAREER proposals is in July every year. Please see the CAREER URLherefor more information. Proposals for Conferences, Workshops, and Supplements: PIs are strongly encouraged to discuss their requests with the Program Director before submission of the proposal. Grants forRapid Response Research(RAPID)andEArly-concept Grants for Exploratory Research(EAGER)are also considered when appropriate.Please note that proposals of these types must be discussed with the program director before submission.Further details are available in theProposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide(PAPPG)download foundhere.Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI)proposals that integrate fundamental research with translational results and are consistent with the application areas of interest to each program are also encouraged.Please note that GOALI proposals must be submitted during the annual unsolicited proposal window for each program. More information on GOALI can be foundhere. COMPLIANCE: Proposals which are not compliant with theProposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG)will be returned without review. Unsolicited proposals received outside of the Announced Proposal Window dates will be returned without review.